Case Study Questions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Making of a Global World

Question 1:

When the Second World War ended, large parts of the world were still under European colonial rule. Over the next two decades most colonies in Asia and Africa emerged as free independent nations. They were, however, overburdened by poverty and a lack of resources, and their economies and societies were handicapped by long periods of colonial rule. The IMF and the World Bank were designed to meet the financial needs of the industrial countries. They were not equipped to cope with the challenge of poverty and lack of development in the former colonies. But as Europe and Japan rapidly rebuilt their economies, they grew less dependent on the IMF and the World Bank. Thus, from the late 1950s the Bretton Woods institutions began to shift their attention more towards developing countries. As colonies, many of the less developed regions of the world had been part of Western empires. Now, ironically, as newly independent countries facing urgent pressures to lift their populations out of poverty, they came under the guidance of international agencies
dominated by the former colonial powers. Even after many years of decolonisation, the former colonial powers still controlled vital resources such as minerals and land in many of their former colonies. Large corporations of other powerful countries, for example the US, also often managed to secure rights to exploit developing countries’ natural resources very cheaply.

(i) Why the Bretton Woods Institutions were established? Choose the correct option from the following:
(a) To promote the International Trade
(b) To reconstruct the economies damaged during the Second World War
(c) To improve the adverse Balance of Payment situation of the non member countries
(d) All of the above

Ans. (b) The motive behind the establishment of the Bretton Woods Institutions was to provide funds to member countries for economic reconstruction and development of the economies ruined by World War II.

(ii) What factors led to decolonisation after the Second World War? With reference to the above context, infer the appropriate option.
(a) After World War-II, European countries lacked the wealth and political support necessary to suppress the revolts.
(b) There were strong independence movements in colonies.
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Financial needs of European countries were not favoured as they were colonial powers.

Ans. (c)

(iii) Which of the following countries has an effective right of veto over key IMF and World Bank decisions? Select the best suitable option from the following reference to the context:
(a) France
(b) Australia
(c) Russia
(d) USA

Ans. (d) USA has an effective sign of veto over key IMF and World Bank decision.

(iv) Why did the Bretton Woods Institutions shift their focus from industrial countries to colonies? Identify from the given options.
(a) As upliftment of poor countries was a central notion.
(b) Because industrial countries had rebuilt their economies.
(c) Because financial support was a need for establishment of administration in colonies.
(d) As industrial countries tried to establish their control on Bretton Woods Institutions.

Ans. (b) The Bretton Woods Institutions shift their focus from industrial countries to colonies because industrial countries had rebuilt their economies.

(v) How did Bretton Woods Institutions failed in maintaining the idea of decolonisation? Choose the correct option.
(a) The European rulers played a dominant role in Bretton Woods Institutions.
(b) As its focus was to improve the European industrial centres.
(c) Through Bretton Woods Institutions, European rulers continued their control over colonies resources.
(d) All of the above

Ans. (c)

(vi) Assertion (A): World Bank and IMF were established after the Second World War.
Reason (R): Second World War caused an immense amount of economic destruction and many parts of Europe and Asia were destroyed.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true

Ans. (b) World Bank and IMF were established after the Second World War. On the other hand, Second World War has caused ‘an immense amount of economic destruction and many parts of Europe and Asia were destroyed. Hence, both assertion and reason statements are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Join our Telegram channel for eBooks and PDF Download

Download Books

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Join our Telegram channel for eBooks and PDF Download