Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 3 Nationalism in India

Q.1. Besides Gandhiji who were the main leaders of Khilafat Movement?
Answer: The First World War had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey, and there were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman Emperor.

In order to defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919.

A young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of united mass action. This took the form of the Khilafat movement.

Q.2. Which act gave the government power to suppress political activity and detain political prisoners without trial?
Answer: Rowlatt Act gave the government power to suppress political activity and detain political prisoners without trial.
a. The Rowlatt Act was passed in the year 1919.
b. This Act gave enormous powers to the British Government.
c. The provisions of the Act empowered British Government to suppress any sort of political activities thereby enabling the detention of Indian nationalists and prisoners without any trial for two years.
d. The Act was passed without considering the opposition of the Indian members.
e. There was a nationwide agitation against this Act.
f. Mahatma Gandhi organised nationwide Satyagraha.
g. Rallies were organised, and shops were closed.
h. Workers went on strike in railway workshops.
Thus, the Rowlatt Act, in a way, paved the root for united opposition against the British.

Q.3. Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju?
Answer:

Alluri Sitaram Raju was an independence nationalist from Andhra Pradesh.
He was an ardent follower of Mahatma Gandhi.
When the hill people were forced to contribute begar, Sitaram Raju led them against the British.
He was considered as an incarnation of God.
His astrological predictions were correct, and he could heal many people.
He was capable of surviving even bullet shots.
He insisted people wear Khadi clothes and stop taking liquor.
Even though he was attached to Gandhian principles, he believed in the use of force to achieve independence.
He, with his followers, tried to kill British officers and attacked police stations.
Alluri Sitaram Raju was trapped by the British and was executed in the year 1924.

Q.4. Name the Sabha headed by Jawahar Lal Nehru and Baba Ramchandra.
Answer:

Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra and a few others.
In Awadh, a movement was led by Baba Ramchandra against the talukdars and landlords.
The peasants were asked to pay high rents and cesses.
Peasants had to do begar, a form of labour that villagers had to contribute without any wages.
The movement demanded the abolition of begar, reduction of revenue and social boycott of oppressive landlords.
Jawaharlal Nehru went around the villages to understand the grievances of the villagers.

Thus, in June 1920, Oudh Kisan Sabha was started.

Q.5. Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slowdown in the cities?
Answer:

The Non-Cooperation Movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Government schools and colleges and foreign clothes were boycotted, and liquor shops were picketed.

The movement in the cities gradually slowed down for a variety of reasons.

The boycott of British institutions posed a problem, Indian institutions were slow to come up.
The mass-produced mill cloth was cheap when compared to the expensive khadi cloth. People started buying foreign clothes as they could not afford higher prices. Hence, the Non-Cooperation movement was gradually withdrawn in cities.

Q.6. Who has first created the image of Bharat Mata?
Answer:

The image of Bharat Mata was created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.
The image created was painted by the famous Rabindranath Tagore.
Bharat Mata was picturised as a form of Hindu Goddess.
She was calm, composed and divine.
The image was shown as dispensing learning, food and clothing.

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote ‘Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the nation. The image of Bharat Mata symbolised India and developed a feeling of nationalism among the Indians.

Q.7. When and where the demand of ‘Purna Swaraj’ was accepted by the Congress?
Answer: The demand of Purna Swaraj was accepted by the Congress at the Lahore session of Congress in the year 1929.
a. In this session, the declaration of ‘Purna Swaraj’ or complete independence was passed.
b. The Congress requested the Indians to celebrate 26th January 1930 as the Independence Day.
c. This resolution of Purna Swaraj was the beginning of the political movement against the colonial rule.
d. The political, economic and cultural injustice towards the Indians was mentioned in the resolution.
e. The launching of the Civil Disobedience movement was mentioned very clearly in the resolution.
The resolution of Purna Swaraj was a symbolic event in the history of India.

Q.8. During which movement was the Indian tricolour flag designed?
Answer: The Indian tricolour flag was designed during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal in 1921.

The flag which was first designed had three colours Red, Green and Yellow.
It had eight lotuses. These eight lotuses represented the eight provinces of British India.
The flag had a crescent moon which represented Hindus and Muslims.
By 1921, the flag was again designed with Red, Green and White.
This flag had a shining wheel at the centre.
This wheel represented the Gandhian ideal of self-help.
This tricolour flag was called the ‘Swaraj Flag’ during the independence movement.

Q.9. Name the person who worked for the revival of folk culture in Madras.
Answer: In Madras, Natesa Sastri worked for the revival of folk culture.

He published a four-volume collection of Tamil fold tales.
The collection was titled The Folklore of Southern India.
According to him, “the folklore was the most trustworthy manifestation of people’s real thoughts and characteristics”.
Natesa Sastri also stated that the folklore was national literature.

Q. 10. What is Hindu Mahasabha?
Answer: Hindu Mahasabha was a Hindu nationalist organisation. It is said that this Sabha was formed to protect the rights of Hindus when India was under British dominance.

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