Important Questions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 3 Nationalism in India

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Class 10 Social Science	History
Useful for	Class 10
Subject	Social Science
Chapter	Nationalism in India
Category	Important Questions

Important Questions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 3 Nationalism in India

Q. 1. Name the writer of the novel ‘Anandamath.’
Ans. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

Q. 2. When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India?
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January 1915. He had come back from South Africa.

Q. 3. Explain the ‘Idea of Satyagraha’.
OR
What is meant by Satyagraha?
Ans. The idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for the truth.

Q. 4. What is the meaning of ‘Begar’?
Ans. Meaning of Begar: Labour that villager was forced to contribute without any payment.

Q. 5. How can battles be fought with Satyagraha?
Ans. Idea of Satyagraha suggested that if the cause is true, if the struggle is against injustice, then physical force is not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without being aggressive, battle could be won.

Q. 6. What was ‘Champaran Movement’?
Ans. It was the first satyagrahi movement that took place in 1916, in which Mahatma Gandhi travelled to Champaran to inspire the indigo planters to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.

Q. 7. What was Mahatma Gandhi’s reaction on ‘Rowlatt Act’?
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6th April.

Q. 8. How did people react to Rowlatt Act?
Ans. Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops and shops were closed down. Alarmed by the popular upsurge, British started arresting the nationalists.

Q. 9. Why was Martial Law imposed in Amritsar?
Ans. Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar and Mahatma Gandhi was not allowed to enter Delhi. On 10th April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession, provoking widespread attacks on banks, post offices and railway stations, so Martial Law was imposed.

Q. 10. Why did General Dyer fire on innocent people gathered peacefully in Jallianwala Bagh?
Ans. His object was, as he declared, was to ‘produce a moral effect’ and to create the feeling of terror and awe in the minds of Satyagrahis.

Q. 11. What did British do to repress the Rowlatt Satyagrahis?
Ans. Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets and do Salam to all Sahibs. People were flogged and villages were bombed.

Q. 12. Why did Mahatma Gandhi join Khilafat issue?
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to launch a more broad-based movement in India. But he was certain that no such movement could be organised without bringing the Hindus and Muslims closer together. One way of doing this, he felt, was to take up the Khilafat issue.

Q. 13. Why did people start buying mill cloth instead of Khadi?
Ans. Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass-produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy the Khadi cloth.

Q. 14. Explain the Khilafat Movement.
Ans. Turkey was defeated in World War I and there were rumors that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on Ottoman Emperor—the spiritual head of the Islamic world. To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay.

Q. 15. Who were the two main leaders of the Khilafat Movement?
Ans. Two young brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali started Khilafat Movement.

Q. 16. What resolution was passed at Calcutta session of Congress in September 1920?
Ans. At the Calcutta session of the congress in September 1920, Gandhiji convinced other leaders of the need to start a Non-cooperation Movement in support of Khilafat as well as Swaraj.

Q. 17. Who financed the defence expenditure of World War I?
Ans. War was financed by war loans and increasing taxes. Customs duties were raised and income tax was introduced.

Q. 18. Why were people in rural areas angry with Britishers?
Ans. There was forced recruitment of soldiers in rural areas. Crops failed resulting in acute storage of food, accompanied by influenza epidemic.

Q. 19. Name the famous book written by Mahatma Gandhi.
Ans. Famous book written by Mahatma Gandhi is ‘ Hind Swaraj’.

Q. 20. Name some prominent Industrialists of that time.
Ans. Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G.D. Birla.

Q. 21. Why many Congress leaders were reluctant to boycott council elections?
Ans. They were reluctant to boycott council elections scheduled for November 1920, as they feared that if they would join Non-cooperation Movement, it might lead to popular violence.

Q. 22. What decision was made in Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920?
Ans. At the congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out and the Noncooperation
Movement was adopted.

Q. 23. Why were Council elections not boycotted in Madras?
Ans. The Council Elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the justice party, the party of non-Brahmans felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power — something that usually only Brahmans had access to.

Q. 24. What was the impact of reduction of imports?
Ans. As the boycott movement spread and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

Q. 25. By what means does hand spun khadi provide large scale employment to weavers?
Ans. It provides large scale employment to weavers as it is a cottage industry, can be set up at home.

Q. 26. Under which agreement the Indian ‘Depressed Classes’ got reserved seats in the Provincial and Central Legislative Councils in 1932?
Ans. Poona pact

Q. 27. Why did boycott of British Institutions pose a problem?
Ans. For the movement to be successful, alternative Indian Institutions had to be set up so that they could be used in place of the British ones. But these were slow to come up and teachers and the students started trickling back to government schools.

Q. 28. Which organisations did business classes form?
Ans. To organise business interests, Indian merchants and industrialists formed the Indian Industria and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI).

Q. 29. In what way women participated in CDM?
Ans. They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops.

Q. 30. Why did Awadh Movement of Peasants begin?
Ans. The movement was against talukdars and landlords, who demanded from peasants exorbitant rents and a variety of other taxes. Peasants had to do begar and work at landlords farms without any payment.

Q. 31. What were the demands of peasants in Awadh?
Ans. The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar, and social boycott of oppressive landlords.

Q. 32. How was ‘Oudh Kisan Sabha’ formed?
Ans. In June 1920, Jawaharlal Nehru began going around the villages in Awadh, talking to the villagers and trying to understand their grievances. By October, the Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra and a few others.

Q. 33. How was Awadh movement materialised?
Ans. As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted and grain hoards were taken over.

Q. 34. Which movement of Andhra Pradesh did Mahatma Gandhi join in NCM?
Ans. In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, a militant guerrilla movement spread in the early 1920s— not a form of struggle that the Congress could approve.

Q. 35. Why was this movement started in Andhra?
Ans. Here in Gudem Hills, the colonial government had closed large forest areas, preventing people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits. This enraged the hill people.

Q. 36. What do you know about Alluri Sitaram Raju?
Ans. Alluri Sitaram Raju was the leader of Andhra Movement. He claimed that he had a variety of special powers: he could make correct astrological predictions and heal people, he could even survive bullet shots.

Q. 37. To what extent was Raju inspired by Mahatma Gandhi?
Ans. Raju talked of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi, said he was inspired by the Non-cooperation Movement and persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking. But at the same time, he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force and not non-violence.

Q. 38. What action was taken by the tribals of Gudem Hills in their movement?
Ans. The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British ofcials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj.

Q. 39. What did freedom mean to plantation workers in Assam?
Ans. For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space, in which they were enclosed and it meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.

Q. 40. What was Inland Emigration Act of 1859?
Ans. Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission and in fact, they were rarely given such permission.

Q. 41. How did plantation workers of Assam react to NCM call?
Ans. When they heard of the Non-cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home. They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages.

Q. 42. What was the tale of Assam plantation workers when they left?
Ans. They, however, never reached their destination. Stranded on the way by a railway and steamer strike, they were caught by the police and brutally beaten up.

Q. 43. What was Chauri Chaura Movement?
Ans. It took place in Gorakhpur, Chauri Chaura, when a peaceful demonstrations in a bazaar turned into a violent clash with the police. Then those demonstrators went to the police station, locked the policemen inside and put the police station on fire, burning about 11 policemen alive. Hearing of the incidence, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non cooperation Movement.

Q. 44. Why Mahatma Gandhi decided to call off Non-cooperation Movement?
Ans. In February 1922, Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement. He felt the movement was turning violent in many places and satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they could be ready for mass struggles.

Q. 45. Who formed Swaraj Party?
Ans. C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a return to council politics.

Q. 46. Which two factors shaped Indian Politics towards the late 1920s?
Ans. (i) The effects of worldwide economic depression.
(ii) Agricultural prices began to fall from 1926 and collapsed after 1930.

Q. 47. Why was countryside in turmoil by 1 930?
Ans. As the demand for agricultural goods fell and exports declined, peasants found it difficult to sell their harvests and pay their revenue. By 1930, the countryside was in turmoil.

Q. 48. Why did rich peasant communities join CDM?
Ans. They were hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government revenue demand. And the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread resentment.

Q. 49. Who was Sir John Simon?
Ans. Sir John Simon came from England and sent by new Tory government of Britain and forced a statutory commission to look into functioning of the constitutional system in India.

Q. 50. Why was Simon Commission rejected in India?
Ans. The problem was that the commission did not have a single Indian member. They were all British.

Q. 51. How was Simon Commission greeted in India?
Ans. When Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928, he was greeted wit h the slogan, ‘Go back Simon’. All parties, including the Congress and the Muslim League, participated in the demonstrations.

Q. 52. What changes were brought in Indian flag by Mahatma Gandhi?
Ans. In 1921, Gandhiji had designed the swaraj flag. It was again a tricolor (red, green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre, representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help.

Q. 53. How was reinterpretation of Indian History used as a symbol of Nationalism?
Ans. The British saw Indians as backward and primitive, incapable of governing themselves. In response, Indians began looking into the past to discover India’s great achievement. The Nationalist histories urged the readers to take pride in India’s great achievements in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under British rule.

Q. 54. Why was demand for abolition of Salt tax made?
Ans. Salt was something consumed by the rich and poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food. The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production, Mahatma Gandhi declared, revealed the most oppressive face of British rule.

Q. 55. How long was Dandi March and how much time did it take?
Ans. It was over 240 miles. Gandhiji walked for 10 miles a day and took 24 days to reach Dandi.

Q. 56. How did Mahatma Gandhi declare Civil Disobedience Movement?
Ans. On 6th April, Mahatma Gandhi along with his 78 followers and many other reached Dandi coast and ceremonially violated law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM).

Q. 57. Why did Kheda farmers protest against Britishers?
Ans. Affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic, the peasants of Kheda could not pay the revenue and demanded that revenue collection be released.

Q. 58. What was Rowlatt Act of 1919?
Ans. It gave the British government enormous powers to repress political activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

Q. 59. How did Business classes relate to the CDM?
Ans. They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods and a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports. They now reacted against colonial policies that restricted business activities.

Q. 60. What was ‘Poona Pact’?
Ans. Poona Pact gave the Depressed Classes reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils but they were to be voted in by the general elections.

Q. 61. What was Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s proposal for Muslims?
Ans. Jinnah, one of the leaders of the Muslim league, was willing to give up the demand for separate electorates, if muslims were assured reserved seats in the Central Assembly and representation in proportion to population in the Muslim-dominated provinces of Bengal and Punjab.

Q. 62. Who created the first image of ‘Bharat Mata’?
Ans. The first image was created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.

Q. 63. Who was Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay? He was a Bengali poet, writer & a journalist.
Ans. He wrote ‘Vande Matram’ as a hymn to motherland. Later it was included in his novel ‘ Anandamath’ and widely sung during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal.

Q. 64. How was Bharat Mata depicted in the painting of Abanindranath Tagore?
Ans. In his painting, Bharat Mata was portrayed as an ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, divine and spiritual.

Q. 65. What kind of Indian flag was introduced during Swadeshi Movement?
Ans. A tricolour flag (red, green and yellow) was designed. It had eight lotuses, representing eight provinces of British India and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims.

Q. 66. How did poor peasants join CDM?
Ans. Poor peasants were not interested in the lowering of the revenue demand. As the depression continued and cash income dwindled, the small tenants found it difficult to pay their rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord to be remitted.

Q. 67. Who wrote the song ‘Vande Mataram’?
Ans. “Vande Mataram” was written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.

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