NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

Q. 1. Multiple choice questions:

(i) Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable

Ans. (d) Non-renewable

(ii) Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put?
(a) Replenishable
(b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic
(d) Non-recyclable

Ans. (a) Replenishable

(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) over irrigation
(d) overgrazing

Ans. (c) Over irrigation

(iv) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?
(a) Punjab
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttarakhand

Ans. (d) Uttarakhand

(v) In which of the following states is black soil found?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand

Ans. (b) Gujarat

Q. 2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
Ans. The three states are
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Gujarat
And the crop which is mainly grown on black soil is cotton.

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Ans. Alluvial soil is formed in the river deltas of the eastern coast. Its main features are –
(a) Alluvial soil is rich in potassium and phosphoric acid and lime.
(b) It has a high water retention capacity.
(c) And it is highly fertile soil.

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Ans. ‘Shelter belt plantation’ and ‘Terrace farming’ can be done to prevent soil erosion in hilly areas.

(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Ans. Biotic resources: Resources obtained from living organisms in our environment are called biotic resources. Example – trees, animals, insects, etc.
Abiotic resources: Things composed of non-living things present in our environment are termed as abiotic resources.
Example: earth, water, metals, etc.

Q. 3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61?
Ans. About 45 per cent of land is used as net sown areas, i.e., farming. About 22 per cent of land is under forest and the rest of the land is used for various purposes; such as housing, recreation and industrial activities.
The main reason that forest land has not increased since 1960-61 is that there is an increase in population and subsequent increase in demand for resources.

(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Ans. Technical and economic development involves more utilisation and exploitation of resources for the purpose of present development. As the history of our colonisation shows, it was mainly one of the higher levels of technological development of the colonising countries that helped them to exploit resources of the regions and establish their own power over the colonies.
(a) Technological development has led to more industries and therefore use of natural resources has increased.
(b) As means of transportation and communication are developing fast, they help in the mobility of the resources.
(c) Due to technological advancement, techniques of mining and quarrying are also improving, leading to safer mining and more resources and more economic development.
(d) Green Revolution led to the introduction of latest mechanical devices, fertilizers, HYV seeds, etc., leading to more and more production and consumption of resources.

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