\u2022 The period between 1830\u20131848 is symbolised with the age of revolutions. The first upheaval took place in France in July 1830. The Bourbon kings were now overthrown by liberal revolutionaries. Louis Philippe was made a constitutional monarch. Belgium got separated from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 The Greek war of Independence started in 1821.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 It created nationalist feelings among the educated people in Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Their struggle for Independence began in 1821 and got support from the Greeks living in other European countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Finally, the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognized Greece as an independent nation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
THE ROMANTIC IMAGINATION AND NATIONAL FEELING<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Romanticism, cultural movements develop a sense of nationalism through art, poetry, stories, music and past experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 They promote emotions and mystical feelings to create a sense of oneness and love for nation. Johann Gottfried Herder, a German philosopher created a spirit of nationalism through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Karol Kurpinski of Poland created nationalist feeling through his operas, music and folk dances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Language too played a major role in developing nationalist sentiments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Poland was occupied by Russia and people fought for their language and culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n HUNGER, HARDSHIP AND POPULAR REVOLT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 The 1830s were the years of great economic hardship in Europe. The first half of the nineteenth century saw an enormous increase in population all over Europe which gave rise to unemployment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports of cheap machine-made goods from England.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 In those regions of Europe where the aristocracy still enjoyed power, peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations. The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in town and country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Food shortages and widespread unemployment brought the population of Paris out on the roads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 In 1848, a revolution led by educated middle class professionals, businessmen, and prosperous artisans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 They demanded a creation of a nation state on parliamentary principles, a constitution, freedom of press and freedom of association.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives marched in the Frankfurt parliament in St. Paul Church to draft the Constitution, headed by monarchy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 The Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia rejected the crown; the assembly was disbanded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Political rights to men were controversial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Women had formed their own political associations, founded newspapers and taken part in political meetings and demonstrations. Despite this they were not given the right to vote.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u2022 The period between 1830\u20131848 is symbolised with the age of revolutions. The first upheaval took place in France in July 1830. The Bourbon kings were now overthrown by liberal revolutionaries. Louis Philippe was made a constitutional monarch. Belgium got separated from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. \u2022 The Greek war of Independence started […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":2,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"iawp_total_views":1,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[65],"class_list":["post-333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cbse-class-10-social-science","tag-cbse-class-10-social-science"],"modified_by":"admin@sr.com","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/successrouter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/successrouter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/successrouter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/successrouter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/successrouter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=333"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/successrouter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":337,"href":"https:\/\/successrouter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333\/revisions\/337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/successrouter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/successrouter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/successrouter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE LIBERALS: 1848<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n